ΙΣΤΟΤΟΠΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΥΓΕΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΝ ΕΥΕΞΙΑ ΤΩΝ ΠΑΙΔΙΩΝ.ΔΙΑΧΕΙΡΙΣΤΗΣ ΤΟΥ PEDIAMED4U ΕΙΝΑΙ Ο Δρ.ΝΙΚΟΣ ΚΟΝΝΑΡΗΣ,ΠΑΙΔΙΑΤΡΟΣ
Τρίτη 11 Ιουλίου 2023
Guide to Colorblindness-Αχρωματοψια -Δυσχρωματοψία
Guide to Colorblindness
What Is It?
1/13
Colorblindness
isn’t really what it sounds like. Most people with the condition can
see some colors correctly but can’t pick out others. “Color deficiency”
might be a better name. Whatever you call it, it’s more common in men
than women. About 1 in 12 men are colorblind, compared with about 1 in
200 women
Two Main Types
2/13
With
the most common kind of colorblindness, you can’t tell the difference
between some shades of red and green. Other people have a type that
makes you confuse certain shades of blue and yellow. Either one can be
mild, moderate, or severe.
How You See Colors
3/13
Your
retina is a layer at the back of your eyeball that’s sensitive to
light. It has two kinds of cells: rods and cones. The rods work in dim
light, and the cones react to brighter light. They both respond to
colors. Their signals go through the optic nerve to your brain, where
they’re combined to make all the colors in the rainbow. About 12% of
women have an extra kind of cone that lets them see 100 times more
colors than other people.
How Colorblindness Happens
4/13
If
you’re colorblind, that means there's a problem with at least one kind
of cone. Those cones could be missing, or they might pick up a different
color than they should. For instance, some cones could have defective
genteic coding for specific color sensitive chemicals. Either way, they
can’t send your brain the right information. Since the cones also help
you see the fine details of what you’re looking at, colorblindness might
also make you see a little less sharply.
Why It Happens: Genes
5/13
Most
people who have colorblindness are born with it. That’s because it
usually begins with the genes you get from your parents. Those genes
don't give your body the right instructions about how to make blue, red,
and green pigments for your cones. Without the pigments, the cones
can’t recognize colors.
Related
Why It Happens: Disease
6/13
Colorblindness
can affect some people who aren’t born with it. Certain eye diseases
can lead to it, and it also can happen along with leukemia, Parkinson’s
disease, Alzheimer’s disease, sickle cell anemia, or alcohol use
disorder.
Why It Happens: Medicine or Chemicals
7/13
Certain
drugs -- including some that treat heart disease, high blood pressure,
erectile dysfunction, nervous ailments, or emotional disorders -- can
have colorblindness as a side effect. Colorblindness also can come from
working around chemicals like fertilizers or solvents. But while things
like taking certain drugs or working with certain chemicals can cause
secondary color deficiency, it is very uncommon.
How It’s Found
8/13
If
your child is colorblind, you may not know it until they start to learn
the names of colors. Or they may have a hard time in school with exams
or homework that use color-coded materials. It’s a good idea to test
kids’ color vision around age 4. If colorblindness runs in your family,
have your child tested by an eye doctor.
How It’s Diagnosed
9/13
The
main way to tell if someone’s colorblind is the Ishihara color test. It
uses images of dots in many colors. If you see color correctly, you’ll
spot a number or some other shape in each image. If you’re colorblind,
you won’t be able to. You can get the test to use on yourself, but an
eye doctor can do it better.
Living With It: Gadgets
10/13
Apps
for your cellphone or tablet computer can tell you what color something
is. You take a photo, and when you tap on a place in the image, the app
tells you the color. Some apps can even tell shades of colors. If you
have red-green colorblindness, special lenses may let you see colors
more clearly, although their effectiveness is widely controversial. For
instance, special lenses to correct for color deficiency are not
permitted for pilots.
Related
Living With It: Habits
11/13
If
you’re colorblind, it can help to ask someone to help you put labels on
your clothes that tell you what color they are, so you can choose
things that match. Arrange your closet so that clothes you can wear
together hang close to one another. You also might memorize the order
of colors in various objects, like traffic lights.
Is It Treatable?
12/13
If
your colorblindness started because of a disease or is a side effect of
prescription medicines, you might be able to do something about it. For
example, your doctor might be able to prescribe a different drug. But
the main kind of colorblindness, the type you inherit from your parents,
can’t be corrected.
Working Toward a Treatment
13/13
Researchers
are looking for ways to treat the kind of colorblindness you get
through your genes by helping the cones work better. Tests on animals
have been promising, and tests on people, called clinical trials, are
going on now. Talk with your eye doctor if you’re interested in taking
part in a trial.
Medically Reviewed by Whitney Seltman, OD on November 30, 2022
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