Τσιμπήματα εντόμων: Πώς φαίνεται το κάθε είδος στο δέρμα
Τα περισσότερα τσιμπήματα εντόμων, όπως από κουνούπια, ακάρεα, ψύλους κ.α. είναι κάτι αρκετά κοινό και, εκτός από φαγούρα, σπανίως προκαλούν πιο σημαντικά προβλήματα. Μερικά τσιμπήματα εντόμων, όπως αυτά από σφήκες και μέλισσες, μπορεί να προκαλέσουν έντονο πόνο, ή ακόμα και αλλεργική αντίδραση. Άλλα τσιμπήματα εντόμων, όπως τα δηλητηριώδη δαγκώματα αραχνών, απαιτούν άμεση επείγουσα ιατρική φροντίδα.
Πρώτες βοήθειες
• Καθαρίζουμε την περιοχή με σαπούνι και νερό ή με αντισηπτικά.
• Απομακρύνουμε το κεντρί το συντομότερο δυνατό, με ήπιες κινήσεις, με ένα όργανο που να μην είναι αιχμηρό (μαλακό ξύσιμο π.χ. με πιστωτική κάρτα).
• Εφαρμόζουμε επιθέματα (κομπρέσες) με κρύο νερό ή πάγο, ώστε να ελαττωθεί η ένταση και η διάρκεια του οιδήματος.
• Σε περίπτωση αίσθησης δυσφορίας, δυσκολίας αναπνοής ή ζαλάδας και τάσης για εμετό, προσφεύγουμε άμεσα στο κοντινότερο Κέντρο Υγείας
Care Advice for Insect Bites
Treatment for Insect Bites
What You Should Know About Insect Bites:
- Most insect bites cause a red bump. Some are larger (like a hive). Some have a small water blister in the center. These are normal reactions to an insect bite.
- A large hive at the bite does not mean your child has an allergy.
- The redness does not mean the bite is infected.
- Here is some care advice that should help.
Itchy Insect Bite Treatment:
- Steroid Cream. To reduce the itching, use 1% hydrocortisone cream (such as Cortaid). No prescription is needed. Put it on 3 times a day until the itch is gone. If you don't have, use a baking soda paste until you can get some.
- If neither is available, use ice in a wet washcloth for 20 minutes.
- Also, you can put firm, sharp, direct, steady pressure on the bite. Do this for 10 seconds to reduce the itch. A fingernail, pen cap, or other object can be used.
- Allergy Medicine for Itching. If itching becomes severe, give an allergy medicine, such as Benadryl. No prescription is needed. Age limit: 1 and older.
- If Benadryl is needed for more than a few days, switch to a long-acting allergy medicine (such as Zyrtec). Age limit: 6 months and older.
- Zyrtec dosing for 6 months to 2 years: 2.5 mL (2.5 mg) every 24 hours.
- Zyrtec dosing for 2 years and older: follow package directions.
Painful Insect Bite Treatment:
- Soak a cotton ball in a baking soda solution. Rub the bite with it for 15 to 20 minutes. Do this once. This will usually reduce the pain.
- You can also use an ice cube in a wet washcloth for 20 minutes.
- To help with the pain, give an acetaminophen product (such as Tylenol). Another choice is an ibuprofen product (such as Advil). Use as needed.
- For painful bites, allergy medicines don't help.
Antibiotic Ointment for Infected Bite:
- If the insect bite has a scab on it and the scab looks infected, use an antibiotic ointment. An example is Polysporin. No prescription is needed. Use 3 times per day. Note: usually impetigo is caused by scratching with dirty fingers.
- Cover the scab with a bandage. This will help prevent scratching and spread.
- Wash the sore and use the antibiotic ointment 3 times per day. Cover it with a clean bandage each time. Do this until healed.
- Caution: for spreading infections (redness or red streaks), your child needs to be seen.
What to Expect:
- Most insect bites are itchy for several days.
- Any pinkness or redness usually lasts 3 days.
- The swelling may last 7 days.
- Insect bites of the upper face can cause severe swelling around the eye. This is harmless.
- The swelling is usually worse in the morning after lying down all night. It will improve after standing for a few hours.
Call Your Doctor If:
- Severe pain lasts more than 2 hours after pain medicine
- Infected scab not better after 48 hours of antibiotic ointment
- Bite looks infected (spreading redness gets bigger after 48 hours)
- You think your child needs to be seen
- Your child becomes worse
Prevention of Insect Bites
Prevention Tips:
- Wear long pants, a long-sleeved shirt and a hat.
- Avoid being outside when the bugs are most active. Many insects that cause itchy bites are most active at sunrise or sunset. Examples are chiggers, no-see-ums, and mosquitoes.
- Insect repellents that contain DEET are helpful in preventing many insect bites. Read the label carefully.
DEET Products: Use on the Skin.
- DEET is a very effective bug repellent. It also repels ticks and other insects.
- U.S. AGE limit: none. You can use DEET products on all children (AAP).
- U.S.: for newborns to 2 years old, use 10% DEET. After 2 years old, can use 30% DEET.
- Protection: 10% DEET protects for 2 hours. 30% DEET protects for 6 hours.
- Don't put DEET on the hands if your child sucks on their thumb or fingers. Reason: prevent swallowing DEET.
- Warn older children who apply their own DEET to use less. A total of 3 or 4 drops can protect the whole body.
- Put it on exposed areas of skin. Do not use near the eyes or mouth. Do not use on skin that is covered by clothing. Don't put DEET on sunburns or rashes. Reason: DEET can be easily absorbed in these areas.
- Wash it off with soap and water when your child comes indoors.
- Caution: DEET can damage clothing made of man-made fibers. It can also damage plastics (such as eye glasses) and leather. DEET can be used on cotton clothing.
Permethrin Products: Use on Clothing.
- Products that contain permethrin (such as Duranon) work well to repel insects and ticks.
- Unlike DEET, these products are put on clothing instead of skin.
- Put it on shirt cuffs, pant cuffs, shoes and hats.
- You can also use it on other outdoor items (mosquito screens, sleeping bags).
- Do not put permethrin on the skin. Reason: sweat changes it so it does not work.
Picaridin Products:
- Picaridin is a repellent that is equal to 10% DEET.
- It can safely be put on skin or clothing.
Remember! Contact your doctor if you or your child develop any "Contact Your Doctor" symptoms.
Disclaimer: this health information is for educational purposes only. You, the reader, assume full responsibility for how you choose to use it.
Last Reviewed: 05/01/2025
Last Revised: 03/04/2025 seattle childrens
Copyright 2000-2025 Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC.
Insect bites
Discover how to recognize, treat and prevent insect bites, bee and wasp stings, and when to seek medical attention.
Key points
- Insect bites often cause swelling and redness.
- Some children experience severe and potentially life-threatening reactions to stings from certain insects like bees and wasps.
- Some children respond well to antihistamine medication; others may just need some ice.
- Prevent insect bites and stings by covering the body with light-coloured clothing and applying insect repellent to exposed skin.
- DEET is a very effective repellent for insects that bite, but use it carefully according to your child's age. If using sunscreen and insect repellent, apply sunscreen first.
Insect bites and stings occur when an insect feeds off a person's skin or tries to defend itself.
Different insects bite and sting in different ways. Common biting or stinging insects include mosquitoes, blackflies, bed bugs, fleas, ticks, fire ants, bees and wasps. Bees often leave stingers in the wound.
Insect bites usually cause mild swelling, redness and itchiness limited to the small area around the bite or sting.
Some children, however, can experience potentially life-threatening allergic reactions. This is called an anaphylactic reaction and requires immediate medical attention. In children who are at risk, anaphylaxis is most commonly caused by bees, wasps and hornets.
Other insects can transmit disease. For example, some mosquitoes can transmit malaria or West Nile virus, and some ticks can cause Lyme disease.
Signs and symptoms of an insect bite or sting
Signs and symptoms of insect bites and stings vary according to the type of insect and your child's reaction.
Normally, an insect bite or sting causes:
- a small, red, raised bump, pimple or blisters
- itchiness and irritation around the bump
The symptoms can last from a few hours up to a few days.
Some children develop a big firm, swollen, warm area around the bite. This is not an allergic reaction. It is known as a large local reaction and rarely leads to a skin infection.
If your child has an anaphylactic reaction, they may develop hives, facial or mouth swelling, or breathing problems or they may collapse. Use an epinephrine auto-injector, if your child has one, and call for emergency assistance.
How to treat insect bites and stings
- Cold, damp compresses or ice can relieve some of the swelling.
- Over-the-counter topical medications (medications you put on the skin) may also help to relieve the itch.
Some children may respond well to oral (taken by mouth) non-drowsy (non-sedating) antihistamine medication for itching. There are many over-the-counter non-sedating antihistamines available, such as cetirizine, loratadine, desloratadine and fexofenadine. Your child’s health-care provider or pharmacist can suggest a product.
Preventing insect bites and stings
Your child is more likely to be bitten in warm and damp weather and in the evening or at night. Here are some ways you can reduce your child's exposure to insects.
- Apply insecticide or insect repellent to clothing and exposed skin to avoid bites.
- Wear long pants and socks.
- Wear light-coloured clothing.
- Avoid areas where insects breed and live.
- Stay inside when insects are most active.
- Use mosquito nets, especially for infants aged less than six months.
Insect repellents
DEET
DEET is one of the most effective repellents for mosquitoes, ticks and biting flies, but it should be used with caution in children. Health Canada recommendations for DEET usage in children are summarized here:
- Babies less than six months old: Do not use any insect repellents with DEET. A mosquito net is recommended instead.
- Children aged six months to two years: Use a product with 10 per cent DEET or less and apply it no more than once a day.
- Children aged two to 12 years: Use a product with 10 per cent DEET or less and apply it no more than three times a day.
- Children aged over 12: Use a product with up to 30 per cent DEET.
Children under the age of 12 should not use DEET on a daily basis for more than one month.
Icaridin/picaridin
Icaridin/picaridin is a DEET-free chemical repellent that prevents tick, mosquito and insect bites and can be used in children over the age of six months.
Other natural repellents are not as effective as DEET and icaridin/picaridin and may not be effective against ticks.
How to apply DEET and icaridin/picaridin to your child's skin
- Apply it to exposed skin, following the manufacturer's instructions.
- Do not apply it to your child's face or hands or any areas where the skin is cut, grazed or irritated.
- Once the repellent is applied, wash hands and avoid touching the lips and eyes.
How to use insect repellent and sunscreen effectively
- Apply sunscreen about 20 to 30 minutes before you apply any insect repellent.
- Do not use a single product that combines insect repellent with sunscreen. The insect repellent can make the sunscreen less effective, and the sunscreen can increase how much insect repellent is absorbed by the body. In addition, you will normally need to apply sunscreen every two to three hours; it is not safe to apply insect repellent as frequently.
When to see a health-care provider after an insect bite or sting
If your child has been bitten or stung, see a health-care provider if:
- you are in an area where the insects are known to transmit diseases
- your child develops an unusual rash or fever
Seek emergency medical care if:
- your child develops hives, swelling, difficulty breathing or is known to be at risk of anaphylaxis from the insect bites or stings
SOURCES:AboutKidsHealth,AAP,CDC,CLEVELAND CLINIC,PEDIAMED4U,PEDIALINE,IATROPEDIA ,MAYO CLINIC,WebMD ETC
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